過去形/過去分詞形の一般的な作り方

過去形/過去分詞形の一般的な作り方は、動詞の原形にedをつけて作ります。

open → opened → opened
play → played → played
live → lived → lived

最後が「e」で終わる単語

最後が「e」で終わる単語は、dをつけて作ります。

hope → hoped → hoped
smile → smiled → smiled

最後が「子音+y」で終わる単語

最後が「子音+y」で終わっている単語は、yをiに変えてedをつけて作ります。

study → studied → studied
cry → cried → cried

最後が「母音+y」で終わる単語

最後が「母音+y」で終わっている単語は、yのままedをつけて作ります。

stay → stayed → stayed
play → played → played

「母音+子音1つ」で終わる単語

母音字(a, e, i, o, u) +子音字1つで終わっている単語は、最後の子音を重ねてedをつけて作ります。

hop → hopped → hopped
step → stepped → stepped

特殊な過去形/過去分詞形

稀に特殊な変化をする動詞があります。

be → was/were → been
bear → bore → borne
beat → beat → beaten
begin → began → begun
bite → bit → bitten
blow → blew → blown
break → broke → broken
bring → brought → brought
build → built → built
burn → burnt → burnt
buy → bought → bought
catch → caught → caught
choose → chose → chosen
come → came → come
cost → cost → cost
cut → cut → cut
dig → dug → dug
do → did → done
draw → drew → drawn
drink → drank → drunk
drive → drove → driven
eat → ate → eaten
fall → fell → fallen
feed → fed → fed
feel → felt → felt
fight → fought → fought
find → found → found
forget → forgot → forgotten
get → got → gotten
give → gave → given
go → went → gone
grow → grew → grown
hang → hung → hung
have → had → had
hear → heard → heard
hit → hit → hit
hold → held → held
hurt → hurt → hurt
keep → kept → kept
know → knew → known
lay → laid → laid
lead → led → led
leave → left → left
lend → lent → lent
let → let → let
lie → lay → lain
lose → lost → lost
make → made → made
mean → meant → meant
meet → met → met
overtake → overtook → overtaken
pay → paid → paid
put → put → put
read → read → read
ride → rode → ridden
ring → rang → rung
rise → rose → risen
run → ran → run
say → said → said
see → saw → seen
sell → sold → sold
send → sent → sent
set → set → set
shake → shook → shaken
shoot → shot → shot
show → showed → shown
shut → shut → shut
sing → sang → sung
sink → sank → sunk
sit → sat → sat
sleep → slept → slept
speak → spoke → spoken
spend → spent → spent
spread → spread → spread
stand → stood → stood
steal → stole → stood
sweep → swept → swept
swim → swam → swum
take → took → taken
teach → taught → taught
tell → told → told
think → thought → thought
throw → threw → thrown
understand → understood → understood
wake → woke → woken
wear → wore → worn
win → won → won
write → wrote → written



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